改进型时间触发嵌入式系统编程模式

对于成本敏感的嵌入式系统,通常因为资源有限而难以采用抢先式实时多任务操作系统。传统的基于超级循环的前后台编程方法和基于时间触发的合作式多任务编程方法对任务的划分需要较高的技巧。本文通过对基于时间触发合作式调度器的改进,建立了一种适用于小型嵌入式系统的通用编程模式,使这类系统的编程变得清晰、简单。     

Performance of TZCD-MBOK watermarking scheme in T-DMB systems

Recently, watermarking based data transmission techniques using terrestrial digital TV signal have been proposed since they are also cost-free and can overcome the limitations of GPS. However, in the previous watermarking based methods, the detection accuracy is low and additional data rate is too low. Thus, we propose the throughput enhancement method by employing the TZCD-MBOK watermarking technique in T-DMB system. By applying the proposed scheme to T-DMB, it allows additional data transmission for disaster broadcasting and improves efficiency of data transmission in shadow region and indoor to mobile environment through watermarking spread code. From the simulation results, we confirm the proposed watermarking scheme affected on the existing T-DMB signal. Moreover, it was also confirmed that the system capacity increases as the power of additional watermarking signal rose. The results of the paper can be applied to wireless multimedia digital broadcasting systems.     

Hierarchically Clustered P2P Video Streaming: Design,implementation, and evaluation

P2P based live streaming has been gaining popularity. The new generation P2P live streaming systems not only attract a large number of viewers, but also support better video quality by streaming the content at higher bit-rate. In this paper, we propose a novel P2P streaming framework, called Hierarchically Clustered P2P Video Streaming, or HCPS, that can support the streaming rate approaching the optimal upper bound while accommodating large viewer population. The scalability comes with the hierarchical overlay architecture by grouping peers into clusters and forming a hierarchy among them. Peers are assigned to appropriate cluster so as to balance the bandwidth resources across clusters and maximize the supportable streaming rate. Furthermore, individual peers perform distributed queue-based scheduling algorithms to determine how to retrieve data chunks from source and neighboring peers, and how to utilize its uplink bandwidth to serve data chunks to other peers. We show that queue-based scheduling algorithms allow to fully utilize peers’ uplink bandwidths, and HCPS supports the streaming rate close to the optimum in practical network environment. The prototype of HCPS is implemented and various design issues/tradeoffs are investigated. Experiments over the PlanetLab further demonstrate the effectiveness of HCPS design.     

An efficient initialization approach of Q-learning for mobile robots

This article demonstrates that Q-learning can be accelerated by appropriately specifying initial Q-values using dynamic wave expansion neural network. In our method, the neural network has the same topography as robot work space. Each neuron corresponds to a certain discrete state. Every neuron of the network will reach an equilibrium state according to the initial environment information. The activity of the special neuron denotes the maximum cumulative reward by following the optimal policy from the corresponding state when the network is stable. Then the initial Q-values are defined as the immediate reward plus the maximum cumulative reward by following the optimal policy beginning at the succeeding state. In this way, we create a mapping between the known environment information and the initial values of Q-table based on neural network. The prior knowledge can be incorporated into the learning system, and give robots a better learning foundation. Results of experiments in a grid world problem show that neural network-based Q-learning enables a robot to acquire an optimal policy with better learning performance compared to conventional Q-learning and potential field-based Qlearning.     

Quantum computing via the Bethe ansatz

We recognize quantum circuit model of computation as factorisable scattering model and propose that a quantum computer is associated with a quantum many-body system solved by the Bethe ansatz. As an typical example to support our perspectives on quantum computation, we study quantum computing in one-dimensional nonrelativistic system with delta-function interaction, where the two-body scattering matrix satisfies the factorisation equation (the quantum Yang–Baxter equation) and acts as a parametric two-body quantum gate. We conclude by comparing quantum computing via the factorisable scattering with topological quantum computing.     

协调的分布式决策虚拟企业风险管理模型

虚拟企业要取得预期的利润,就必须成功规避运行中的风险.考虑虚拟企业的分布性以及联盟成员之间关系多样性的特点,根据非合作完全信息静态博弈理论,采用分布式决策的思想对虚拟企业风险进行管理.针对各盟员构成非团队关系,并且不存在机会主义行为的虚拟企业,探讨了其风险管理的特点,以及在风险管理问题上各盟员之间可能达成的协作;建立了协调的分布式虚拟企业风险管理模型,给出了模型的求解方法,同时设计了相应算法对模型进行求解,并对解的不同情况进行了分析;另外还比较了不同协调原则下联盟总利润以及各盟员利润的变化情况.仿真分析表明,所提出的模型和算法,能在虚拟企业各盟员风险管理中起到协调控制的作用,达到“双赢”的目的.     

面向S3C2440的U-Boot分析与改进

针对目前U - Boot引导程序无法从大页Nandflash启动,以及不能同时支持从Nandflash和Norflash启动的问题,在不改变代码通用性的前提下对U- Boot进行了改进.首先分析U - Boot阶段l的启动原理和U- Boot通用性的实现方法;然后依据S3C2440处理器提供的Nandflash存储启动机制以及大页Nandflash数据操作原理,修改阶段l实现代码,添加从大页Nandflash启动;最后利用大页Nandflash和Norflash存储器读写数据的差异性以及两种存储启动方式实现的不同机理,添加S3C2440处理器自动判断从何种存储器启动的代码,实现U-Boot兼容Nandflash和Norflash启动的改进.通过在基于S3C2440处理器的目标板上运行,结果证明对U - Boot所做的改进具有有效性,扩展了U-Boot的适用范围,增强了代码兼容性.     

改进无差拍控制在单相并网逆变器中的应用

为解决在单相并网逆变器中应用无差拍控制时,由于采样及处理器计算的延时而导致系统不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于CMAC神经网络的无差拍控制策略。控制策略通过MPPT算法跟踪光伏电池的最大输出功率,然后将最大功率减去电路中功率损失后除以电网电压的有效值平方得到逆变器参考电流的系数k,再根据CMAC神经网络预测出下一时刻的电网电压和参考电流,最后计算出下一时刻的开关周期的占空比对逆变器进行控制。此方法实现了对采样及处理器计算的延时的补偿,可提高了系统的稳定性,使并网逆变器的输出电流快速、准确地跟踪电网电压,降低逆变器输出电流中的总谐波歧变。通过对该策略进行了仿真和试验,结果表明该控制策略有效性和可行性。     

Resonator surface contamination-a cause of frequency fluctuations?

The mass loading effects of adsorbing and desorbing contaminant molecules on the magnitude and characteristics of frequency fluctuations in a thickness-shear resonator are studied. The study is motivated by the observation that the frequency of a thickness-shear resonator is determined predominantly by such mechanical parameters as the thickness of the resonator, elastic stiffnesses, mass loading of the electrodes, and energy trapping. An equation was derived relating the spectral density of frequency fluctuations to: (1) rates of adsorption and desorption of one species of contaminant molecules; (2) mass per unit area of a monolayer of molecules: (3) frequency constant; (4) thickness of resonator; and (5) number of molecular sites on one resonator surface. The induced phase noises were found to be significant in very-high-frequency resonators and are not simple functions of the percentage of area contaminated. The spectral density of frequency fluctuations was inversely proportional to the fourth power of the thickness if other parameters were held constant.